Hydrocarbon-burner and apparatus for burning hydrocarbons



(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

. W. JASPER. HYDROGARBON BURNER AND APPARATUS FOR BURNING HYDROGARBONS.

No. 275,390. A Patented Apr. 10; 1883.

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

r W. JASPER.

HYDROGNRBON BURNER AND APPARATUS FOR BURNING HYDROGARBONS.

No. 275,390. Patented Apr. 10,1883;

5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

W. JASPEB,. A HYDROGARBON BURNER AND APPARATUS FOR BURNING HYDROGARBONS.

; No. 275,390. Patentd Apr.10,l1883.

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5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.) w. JASPER. .HYDROCARBON BURNER AND APPARATUS FOR BURNINGHYDROGARBONS.

Patented Apr.10, 1883.'

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-81166156..

W JASPER. HYDEOGARBON BURNER AND APPARATUS FOR BURNING HYDROGARBONS.

Patented Apr. 10, 1883.

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UNITED STATES PATENT Genres.

WILLIAM JASPER, OF SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA.

HYDROCARBON-BURNER AND APPARATUS FOR BURNING HYDROCARBONS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 275,390, dated April10, 1883.

Application filed September 2, 1882. (No model.)

tion.

My invention relates to certain improve-- ments in hydrocarbon-burnersand to the apparatus connected therewith and the objects of myimprovements are, first, to provide a new and improved form ofhydrocarbon or petroleum burner, within whichthe hydrocan bon isvaporized or converted into a gas before it is injected or blown intothe combustion-chamber; second, to provide an improved grate. for afurnace employing vaporized hydrocarbons as a fuel; third, to provide animproved apparatus for supplying petroleum or other hydrocarbon to theburner; and, lastly, to provide a means whereby all liability toexplosion or accident to the oil-suppl yin g devices may be prevented. Iattain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the ac companyingdrawings, in which Figure l is a generalviewillustratin g myimprovedhydrocarbon-burning apparatus. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the oil andthe water and air tanks and cylinders. Fig.3isa vertical section of oneof the cylinders. Fig.4is a vertical sectional view of the safetyshut-0E or gate on the oil-pipe. Fig. 5 is a sectional view, showing theposition of the safety wire-gauze within a coupling or union on the oilor air pipe, and Fig. 6 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 7 is a-verticalsectional elevation of the petroleum-burner. Fig.8 is a sectionalelevation of a steam-boiler, petroleum-grate, and burner.

Similar letters of reference are used to designate like parts throughoutthe several views.

At any suitable distance from the furnace I place the oil-tank and thewater-tanks and cylinders for applying pressure upon the surface of thebody. of oil contained within the oiltank. The air-pressure tanks orcylinders are to be secured upon any suitable foundation, and are to bein duplicate.

A represents the inlet water-pipe through which water is forced into thetanks and cylinders, and B the outlet-pipe. This pipe is supplied with afour-way cock, 0, operated in a manner to be hereinafter described. Thepipes A and B are connected by a short pipe, X, provided with abalance-valve, Y. From the main pipe or four-way cock there extends twobranch pipes, D D, communicating with the lower ends of the cylinders EE Connecting water-pipes F F extend from the bottom of the cylinders tothe bottom of the water-tanks G G and air-pipes H H connect the upperends of said cylinders and watertanks. The water-cylinders areconstructed in the manner shown in section in Fig. 3.

To the bottom of the cylinder E-or- E 1 secure the short open-endedguide cylinder or sleeve I, the top of whichextends some distance abovethe inlet and outlet openings for the water,and is of a diameterconsiderably 7o less than that of the cylinder E. Near the top of thissleeve I make a series of holes or open- .ings, J. This sleeve forms aguide for the lower end of the open-ended cylinder K, which reciprocateswithin it, and has its upper end provided with a wide flange or hollowpackingring, L, which is kept in continual contact with the sides of thecylinder E or E The cylinder K is provided with a piston or plunger, M,the stem N of "which passes through a suitable 8o stuffing-box, and isprovided with aloop or slot,

0, which receives one end of a vibrating leverrod, P, pivoted to asuitable supporting-frame, and to one end of which a rod, Q, isattached, which connects with the pivoted lever B, to the opposite endof which 1 pivot the connecting-rod S, extending down to thecrank-handle or spindle of the four-way cock 0, as shown in Fig. 2.

The tops ofthe water-tanksG G are provided with lift or cup valves T T,which admit atmospheric air to the said tanks, but prevent its exit.Pipes U U, provided with cup-valves B B extend from the top of thewater-tanks to the top of the oil'tank V, which is provided with thecustomary gage-glass and receiving funnel or pipe. From the lower end ofthe oiltank extends a pipe, W, leading to the petroleum-burner, and fromthe upper end extends two air-pipes provided with suitable cocks. Oneofthese pipes, X, extends to thepetroleumburner, while the other one(designated by the letter Y) leads to a self-acting shut-oft placed onthe oil-pipe W at any suitable point between the oil-tank and theburner. This self-acting shut-off consists of a casing, Z, having a bosson either side, into which are screwed the ends of the oil-conductingpipe W, as shown in Fig. 4. Upon one of the sides of this casing thereare two other bosses-one near each end--and into one of which is screwedthe air-pipe Y, and into the other is screwed the oil-pipe A, which isalso connected with the burner. At one or both ends of the casing Z, Iinsert a plug, N, through which passes the stem or push-pin O, by whichthe position of the slide-valve P may be regulated, This slide-valve hasa transverse opening, Q, of the same diameter as the oil-pipe, and whenalign ed with the bore of saidv pipe permits of a free passage of oilthrough the cut-off. A set-screw, A is inserted through the opposite endof the casing and bears against the end of the slide-valve P andprevents it being moved over by the pressure of the oil into a positionin which the flow of oil through the pipe would be cut off.

At any suitable point on. the oil-pipe W, and also on the pipe A,between the burner and the safety shut-off, I place an ordinarypipecoupling, B, between the leather washers O of which I place adiaphragm or disk of wiregauze, D, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. Should theoil in the pipe W become ignited, this wiregauze will prevent thepassage of the flames through the pipe and to the oil-tank, and anexplosion will be prevented.

The top of the burner is'surmounted by a hollow tip or globe, E, formedof soapstone, fire-clay, plumbago, or any other suitable material whichwill withstand a high degree of heat, and it has its upper portionpierced with a series of holes, Z, which are of a larger diameter attheir base than at the top or discharge end. This tip is attached to aperforated bell-shaped dome, F, which in turn is screwed down upon asection of tubing or oilpipe, G, and is held in position by a set-nut.The lower end of the tube G is screwed into the upper one of the fourarms of the coupling or union H." A plug, 1, is screwed into the lowerarm, into which is screwed the air-pipe J, which is about one-half thediameter of the oil-pipe which surrounds it. The top of this air-pipe Jis made with a solid head provided with a single aperture, and roundedor beveled off at its upper end, so as to conform with the concavity ofthe dome F. The hole or perforation K in the head of the air-pipe Jshould be on the same axial line with the hole L in the head or cap onthe upper end of the oilpipe. The lower part of the plug 1 receives ashort pipe and coupling, M, which connects with the air-pipe X, leadingfrom the top of the oil-tank V.

One of the horizontal arms of the union or coupling H receives theoil-pipe W, and the opposite one receives the oil-pipe A, leading backto the safety cut-off Z on the main oilpipe W. Thus it will be seen thatthe pressure of oil in the chamber It of the shut-off is greater thanthe pressure of air in the opposite or air chamber S, and by keeping thevalve pressed back against the set-screw A an opening is left for thepassage of oil through the safety shut-off; but should any accidentarise--such as the bursting, melting, or breaking of the burner or pipesimmediately connected therewith-then thepressure will be reduced in theoil-chamber R, and the greater pressure of the air in the chamber S willcause the valve P to slide to the left and bar the passage or flow ofoil by closing the opening of the pipe \V.

The grate-bars of the furnace are composed of sheets or strips, T, ofsuitable material, extendinglaterallyacrossthefire-box. Thelower edgesof the upper strips overhang the upper edges of those next below,leaving a space, U,

through which the atmospheric air enters the fire-box to promotecombustion, as shown at Fig. 8. The lowermost of these grate-bars ismade concave, and has an opening, through which the top of the dome F isinserted before the tip or globe is fastened thereto. The edges of thisopening are flanged upward, so as to form a circular trough or recess,V, into which the surplus oil from the burner drips, a circularprojection; W, being formed on the under side of the tip for the purposeof directing such drip into its proper channel. This arrangement forcollecting the drip will be found to be of great advantage,especiallywhen starting up the furnace. as the heat may not be sufficient to burnall oil that may be blown through the burner; but the surplus, byfalling into the trough V, will be ignited, and, by burning beneath thetip or globe, will heat it, and quicken the process of vaporization ofthe petroleum within the tip or hollow globe.

The operation of my improved hydrocarbonburning apparatus will be asfollows, to wit: Water is forced through the pipe A, either by anordinary ram or force-pump, or from an elevated tank or reservoir,enters the pipe D, and passes into the cylinder E, and also into thetank G through the pipe F. As the water rises in the cylinder it willgradually raise the open-ended cylinder K by pressure upon the underside of the hollow packing-ring L. As the tank G and cylinder E becomefilled with water the air which they at first contained is compressedand forced through the pipe U and fills the upper part of the oil-tankV, and, by pressure upon the surface of the oil contained therein,forces it through the pipe W into the burner. WVhen the cylinder K hasbeen raised or floated up sufficiently high for the lower end thereof torise above or clear the holes J-in the guide-sleeve I-water from theinduction-pipe, from the tank G, and from within the cylinder E willrush through the said holes J, and,filling the cylinder K, will pressupon the under side of the plunger or piston-head M, and by raising itup cause the lower end of the loop 0 to lift upon one end of the leverP, and by means of the connecting-rods and levers operate the four-waycock 0 and shut ed the flow of water to the partly- ICO filled cylinderand tank and directit to the unfilled ones E G and the whole operationwill be repeated.

It should here be remarked that while one set of tanks are being filledthe water from the other set will pass off through the four-way cockinto the discharge or outlet pipe B, such discharge being accelerated bythe fall given to the discharge-pipe, and also by the pressure of theatmospheric air which enters through the cup-valve T. The compressed airin the oil-tank V will force the oil through the pipe V to the burner,and through the hole or tube L into the hollow tip E, and at the sametime a current of air will likewise be forced through the air-pipe X,and, issuing through the hole K in the end of the pipe J, will causeajet of air to be blown through the oil flowing through the tube L. Thecommingled air and oil will then issue or be blown upwardly through theconical apertures Z in the jet or tip E in the form of a vapor or gas,which, upon ignition, burns with a fierce and steady blaze.

In a large furnace any suitable number of burners may be employed, andthey may be arranged in one or more rows or circles, and may be made ofany desired size, shape, and capacity. It may also be employed forhousehold purposes; and I have found that one burner issufiicient tofully heat an ordinarysized stove or range. By this construction it willbe seen that there is no wastage of oil, as the trough V in thegrate-plates catches all oil which may drip'from the jet-holes andretains it until consumed; also, that all danger of explosion isprevented by means of the disks of wire-gauze placed transversely acrossthe bore of the oil and the air pipes, and that means are provided forautomatically shutting off the supply of oil to the burner in case ofany accident thereto by which the equilibrium of the air and oilpressure in the safety shutoff Z would be destroyed; and, also, that bymeans of the reciprocating action of the water tanks and cylinders asteady and constant pressure of air is had upon the surface of oil inthe oil-tank, and that a steady flow of commingled oil and air is hadfrom the burner into the furnace. It will be understood, however, that Ido not herein specifically claim the construction of the air-compressingapparatus, as described, such being reserved for a future application.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patcut, is-

1. In the combustion-chamber of a hydrocarbon-furnace, the floor orgrating composed of theinclined overhanging plates or grate-bars T,having a space, U, for the passage of atmospheric air, and having thecentral and lowest plate flanged up so as to form atrough,V,

all when constructed and arranged to operate substantially in the mannerand for the purpose set forth.

2. In a burner for the combustion of hydrocarbons, the fire-proof tip orhollow perforated globe E, dome orcap F, having a hole, L, oil-pipe G,air-pipe J, having a contracted outlet, K, union H, oil-pipes W and A,and air-pipe X, all when combined, constructed, and arranged to operatesubstantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

3. In an apparatus for the combustion of hydrocarbons, the combination,with the oilsupplying pipe W, leading to the burner, of the safetyshut-off Z, placed transversely upon the supply-pipe, and consisting ofthe casing Z, within which operates the sliding perforated plate orvalve P, air-pipe Y, and airchamber S, oil-pipe A,leading from theburner, and oil-spaceB, the wholebeing constructed, combined, andarranged to operate substantially in the manner and for the purposeshown and set forth.

4. In an apparatus for burning hydrocarbons, the combination of anoil-tank, V, having means for introducing oil and compressed air, theunion H, connected with a suitable hydrocarbon-burner, the oil-pipe W,and airpipe X, connecting said oil-tank and union, a self-actingshut-off, Z, communicating with the oil-pipe W, an air-pipe, Y, leadingfrom the upper part of the oil-tank to an air-chamber in one endof theshut-off, and the oil-pipe. A, leading from an oil-chamber in theopposite end of the shut-off and connecting with the union H, allsubstantially as and for the purpose described.

5. In an apparatus for burning hydrocarbons, the combination, with thegrate-plates T, having troughs V, of the perforated dome F and theglobeshaped burner E, said burnor being composed of soapstone, plumbago,or similar material, and having apertures Z and a rounded annularprojection, W, substantially as and for the purpose described.

6. In an apparatus for burning hydrocarbons, the combination of theunion H, oilpipes W and A, air-pipe X, coupling M, plug 1, air-tube J,the oil-tube G, surrounding said air-tube, the dome F, and burner E, allsubstantially as shown and described.

7. The combination of an oil-tank, an apparatus for compressing air andforcing the same into said tank, one or more hydrocarbon-burners adaptedto project above the grate-bars and into the combustion-chamber of afur- IIO nace, oil-pipes and air-pipes connecting said WILLIAM JASPER.

WVitnesses:

WILMER BRADFORD, CHAS. E. KELLEY.

